Osteoporosis and Periodontal Disease: Association and Mechanisms

Periodontal disease and osteoporosis are multifactorial in their etiology and involve a large strata of the population in India and all over the world. Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease characterized by low bone mass and micro-architectural deterioration of the bone scaffold that results in increased bone fragility and susceptibility to fractures. In osteoporosis, the bone mineral density (BMD) is reduced, bone micro-architecture is disrupted and the amount and variety of non-collagenous proteins in bone is altered while, periodontitis is an inflammation of the supporting tissues of the teeth, usually leading to loss of bone and periodontal ligament and is a major cause of tooth loss and edentulousness in adults.
Osteoporosis

Systemic loss of bone density in osteoporosis including that of the jaw may provide a host system that is increasingly susceptible to infectious destruction of periodontal tissues. Loss of alveolar bone is a prominent feature of periodontal disease while severe osteoporosis could be suspected of being an aggravating factor in cases of excessive periodontal destruction. It has been hypothesized that the breakdown of periodontal tissue may, in part, be related to systemic conditions that also predispose the patient to osteoporosis/ osteopenia.Read more......

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