Journal and Conferences of Dentistry

Making an impression represents a critical step in processing and fitting of a dental prosthesis. The definite impression should be accurate to fabricate restoration with ideal marginal fit, internal fit, interproximal contacts and occlusal contacts.   The impression materials are used to register or reproduce the form and relations of the teeth and the surrounding oral tissues. Dimensional accuracy and stability are the primary requisites of an impression material. Accuracy of an impression depends on properties of impression materials like thermal contraction, polymerization shrinkage, presence of volatile by products, elastic recovery, bulk of material and impression technique used.  Read more>>>>>>>>>>>

Advancements in the computers and the virtual technologies are proved to be potential resources for planning and execution of medical treatments in general and dental implantations in particular. Virtual technologies allow the dentist to plan accurately in advance virtually, including assessing bone density and thickness, implant angulation, proximity anatomical structures, and restorative and aesthetic concerns.  When implant surgery is done using a surgical guide, it is referred to as a static procedure. Today most of the implant placements are done using this technique. CBCT has become an integral part of treatment planning. It helps in the visualization of height and width of available bone acting as implant bed, thickness of the soft tissue, proximity ofthe adjacent teeth, roots and vital anatomic structures such as maxillary sinuses, mandibular canal, mental foramen, and incisive canal.  PDF LINK>>>>>

The negative effects of diabetes mellitus on the immune system have been extensively investigated. These effects impact greatly on the host’s ability to prevent the establishment of, and bring resolution to a variety of head and neck infections. The main etiologic factor in diabetes mellitus that leads to dysfunction in the immune system is hyperglycemia. All the major cell types involved in the immune defense are affected. Cellular elements of the innate immune system, including neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages, have altered function.  In the neutrophils, functions such as adherence, chemotaxis, and phagocytosis may be down- regulated. This results in a less effective defense against a microbial challenge. The neutrophils from diabetic patients also produce less free oxygen radicals, which reduce their ability to make toxic metabolites for release against microbes. Monocytes and macrophages may have up-regulated catabolism of pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as incre...

Making an impression represents a critical step in processing and fitting of a dental prosthesis. The definite impression should be accurate to fabricate restoration with ideal marginal fit, internal fit, interproximal contacts and occlusal contacts. The impression materials are used to register or reproduce the form and relations of the teeth and the surrounding oral tissues. Dimensional accuracy and stability are theprimary requisites of an impression material.   Accuracy of an impression depends on properties of impression materials like thermal contraction, polymerization shrinkage, presence of volatile by products, elastic recovery, bulk of material and impression technique used. Other factors which influence the accuracy of an impression are tray material, space between tray and tooth preparation, storage conditions, relaxation of stresses caused by the use of non-rigid trays, excessive seating pressure, too slow removal from the mouth or an impression removed befor...

A 30 year old male patient reported to our dental hospital with chief complaint of pain in the lower left back tooth. Patient gave us the history of a restoration done three months ago. The restoration was fractured ten days before reporting to the hospital. Clinical examination revealed the fractured restoration on the occlusal surface of mandibular left first molar. Intraoral periapicalradiograph shows radiolucency involving occlusal enamel and dentine.  Radioopaque restorative material is seen on the pulp chamber. In radicular aspect there are two mesial and two distal separate roots with separate root canals. Mesial roots are departed from each other towards mesially and distally. This gives the appearance of walking tooth. There is root dilaceration in one of the distal roots. Patient was advised for an endodontic treatment of mandibular left first molar. Read more.........................

Diagnosis is the process of assessing a patient’s health as well as ensuing opinions formulated by clinicians. Oral diagnosis is the art of using scientific knowledge to determine the nature of oral diseases and distinguishing it from other diseases . Radiography is a well established procedure in daily dental practice and is still the most basic and an important diagnostic tool available. Radiographs play an integral role in the assessment of periodontal diseases. Conventional bitewing and intra oralperiapical radiographs are commonly used to detect alveolar bone loss associated with periodontal disease. They provide unique information about the status of the periodontium and a permanent record of the bone throughout the course of the disease. However, the quality of an X-ray sensitive film can be affected by multiple variables such as improper exposure, underor overdeveloping and poor fixing.   Over the past few years, systems that can generate radiographic digital images ...

Sexual violence is a widespread problem. When the word heinous crime falls upon your ears the first name which pops in our mind is rape. Undisputedly the most gruesome and heinous of all crimes against any women. Even since civilizations came into existence to curb the crime, administrators and law makers have tried relentlessly by making appropriate laws related to it, but in vain. The biggest problem faced is the proper investigation and potential misuse of these laws by unscrupulous elements, limiting the penalties attached to it. Many assaulters get less or no jail term due to less knowledgeof doctor which causes loss of evidence during physical, sexual examination of rape victim. Detecting sexual abuse requires a high index of suspicion and expertise. Odontologist should be aware that oral or dental injuries may be result of physical or sexual abuse that sometimes can be confirmed by laboratory findings. Moreover, injuries inflicted by one's mouth or teeth may leave clu...

Patients have benefitted greatly from the advances in cosmetic dentistry and implant surgery. So what’s next? In recent years there has been a growing interest in Sleep Dentistry and the role that dentists can have in improving the airway. The spiralling increase in sleep disorders & associated problems has lead to a questioning of how these could be prevented and how best to treat established conditions. Nasal breathing has long been accepted as being far  more efficient than mouth breathing.  Functional orthodontists have, for many years, been aware of the useful role that they can play but this has not been accepted in more traditional circles. At the present time there is no robust data, however clinical experience does support changes in the airway. The cause of malocclusion is, as yet, unknown and is almostcertainly multi-factoria l. Yet there are some factors which are common to most cases of crowding. These are a small maxilla and a retrognathic mandible....

Dental Anatomy: Dental anatomy is a field of anatomy which deals with the morphology of teeth, their location, position, and relationships without the use of a microscope. It includes development, appearance, and classification of teeth. It is also concerned with the naming of teeth and the structures, of which they are made, due to which dental anatomy is also considered as taxonomical science. Oral Histology & Embryology: Oral histology is the microscopic study of Oral Mucosa, structure variation in relation to functional requirements, mechanisms of keratinization, clinical parts of gingiva, Dentogingival & Mucocutaneous junctions & lingual papillae. Embryology is the study of prenatal development throughout the stages before birth. Oral Physiology: It is the science which deals with the function of oral structures. Mainly it concentrates on the research on biological processes in the oral and maxillofacial regions. It gives idea about orfacial dysfunction ...

Oral hygiene is the practice of keeping the mouth and teeth clean to prevent dental problems, most commonly, dental cavities, gingivitis, periodontal (gum) diseases and bad breath. There are also oral pathologic conditions in which good oral hygiene is required for healing and regeneration of the oral tissues. These conditions include gingivitis, periodontitis, and dental trauma, such as subluxation, oral cysts and following wisdom tooth extraction. Teeth’s cleaning is the removal of dental plaque and tartar from teeth to prevent cavities, gingivitis, gum disease, and tooth decay. Severe gum disease causes at least one-third of adult tooth loss. Tooth decay is the most common global disease. Over 80% of cavities occur inside fissures in teeth where brushing cannot reach food left trapped after every meal or snack and saliva or fluoride have no access to neutralize acid and remineralise demineralized teeth, unlike easy-to-clean parts of the tooth, where fewer cavities occur. ...

Several hospitalized patients with neurological disorders depend on nursing staff for their daily health care. Due to several functional limitations of the limbs, oral motor impairments, neglect, apraxia, and hemianopia, oral hygiene self-care is difficult to perform and therefore adequate oral health is difficult to maintain. Next to that, oral dysfunction related to oral motorfunction , mastication, swallowing and saliva control may be affected and does not always recover completely during rehabilitation. Due to both physical and oral dysfunction, adequate oral health may be threatened, because the affected functions hinder this population when performing daily oral hygiene self-care. Consequently, the responsibility for completing oral care in neurological patients often falls to the nursing staff. Oral health has not been given priority in nursing practice, because there are competing priorities regarding the care nurses provide, but it should become a task with higher priori...