Incorporation of Hydroxyapatite-Silica Nano-Powder for Enhancement of Glass Ionomer Cement (GIC)

Hydroxyapatite is a naturally occurring mineral form of calcium. These days, nanohydroxyapatite has been used as filler in some of dental biomaterials to improve its properties. Improvements in their compressive strength, diametral tensile strength , flexural strength , toughness, bonding and fluoride-release properties  have been reported after the addition of HA into the material. In particular, a few studies have been conducted in School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) to improve the hardness ofCGIC. In this case, nano-hydroxyapatite-silica (HA-SiO2) was synthesized by one pot technique  and incorporated into commercially available CGIC Fuji IX GP (GC International, Japan). 

Hydroxyapatite-Silica Nano-Powder
It was found that the addition of nano-HA-silica into CGIC (HA-SiO2-GIC) increased the hardness of CGIC by 73% compared to the use of conventional GIC alone. It is believed that the nano silica particles fill the voids between the hexagonal HA particles, and subsequently enhance the packing density, thus increase its hardness. This belief is supported by the Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) micrographs which showed good distribution of the elongated HA and spherical silica within the specimen, with both of them were in nano-sized particles.



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