Miniscrews and Mini-Implants Success Rates in Orthodontic Treatments: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Several Clinical Parameters

Introduction
In most orthodontic treatments anchorage is necessary to control the reciprocal forces of tooth movement. Usually this control is realized applying a force to a group of teeth or through extra-oral structures, e.g. neck or cranium. However, these techniques have important restrictions, often related to the patient’s cooperation.
Orthodontic mini implants represent indeed a great resolution to these limitations. Their clinical advantages consist in versatility of placement site, easy insertion and removal, minimal anatomic limitations, minor surgery, increased patient comfort, immediate loading, possible use in young patients, and low costs. Unlike osseointegrated implants, these devices are smaller in diameter, have a smooth surface, and are designed to be loaded shortly after insertion.
The stability of miniscrews has become an issue because it does not depend on osseointegration but mechanical locking of the threads into bony tissues, and consequently they can hold up orthodontic loading after a short healing time. Since the determination of the specific clinical parameters that affect the clinical success has become critical, the purpose of the following research was to conduct a systematic review in order to update the actual knowledge about miniscrews in the clinical practice, in particular about their stability and reliability.



The present study is a systematic review of interventions that evaluated the stability of the miniscrews and the related influencing factors in order to define the success rate (outcome). The workflow followed the PRISMA statement. Table 1 shows the PRISMA checklist.

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