Treatment of Condylar Hypoplasia and Occlusal Cant Using Simultaneous Maxillomandibular Distraction Osteogenesis: A Report of 2 Cases

Introduction:

Unilateral condylar hypoplasia can be either genetic (or congenital) or acquired. In the genetic group, the early differentiation of tissues and or developmental processes are affected, congenital hemifacial microsomia, micrognathia, Treacher Collins syndrome, Pierre Robin syndrome, Crouzon syndrome and cleft lip and palate exemplify the genetic group.
In the second group i.e., acquired condylar hypoplasia, the etiology is either due to local factors like trauma, mandibularinfection, spread of infection from middle ear disease and radiation or due to systemic factors like infection, dietary and endocrine causes. 

Osteogenesis
Acquired condylar hypoplasia may develop after the loss of one or both condylar growth centers in very early stages of life and is sometimes accompanied by ankylosis. When an affected side fails to grow downward and forward, a three dimensional asymmetry is produced. The mandibular skeletal midline deviates to the affected side, a lack of vertical growth on the same side produces a cant of the occlusal plane and mandibular retrognathia is seen as a result of the hypoplasia. 

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