Journal and Conferences of Dentistry

Unilateral condylar hypoplasia can be either genetic (or congenital) or acquired. In the genetic group, the early differentiation of tissues and or developmental processes are affected, congenital hemifacial microsomia, micrognathia, Treacher Collins syndrome, Pierre Robin syndrome, Crouzon syndrome and cleft lip and palate exemplify the genetic group.   In the second group i.e., acquired condylar hypoplasia, the etiology is either due to local factors like trauma, mandibular infection, spread of infection from middle ear disease and radiation or due to systemic factors like infection, dietary and endocrine causes. Acquired condylar hypoplasia may develop after the loss of one or both condylar growth centers in very early stages of life and is sometimes accompanied by ankylosis.   Read More>>>>>>>>>  

Drugs are often double edged sword. A drug that is absolutely safe in one person can be life threatening to others because of its adverse reactions. The adverse drug reactions form a spectrum that ranges from mild erythema, rashes to more life threatening anaphylactic reactions like bronchospasm or bronchial asthma.  The oral reactions to systemic administration of drugs can be broadly classified as non-immunogenic reactions such as gingival hyperplasia due to Dialantin sodium, Heavy metal poisoning, oral ulcerations due to Chemotherpeutic drugs and immunogenic reactions, also referred as Stomatitis medicamentosaStomatitis medicamentosa is a variety of sensitivity reactions following systemic intake of great many drugs and chemicals at normal dose, but not related to any pharmacological activity or toxicityof these drugs. These reactions are rare and more coincidental.  Read More>>>>>>>>>> T

Vitamin D has received increasing attention in recent years beyond its customary role in bone metabolism. There has been an explosion of scientific evidence which suggests the profound role that vitamin D plays in immune homeostasis.    Nuclear Receptor  Vitamin D nuclear Receptor (VDR) has been identified as a ligand-dependent transcription factor which, in concert with its endogenous ligand, 1,25 hydroxivitamin D (1,25(OH)2D3), is involved in the expression of countless genes. In view of recent research which revealed that most immune cells express the vitamin D nuclear receptor (VDR), the authors reviewed the current knowledge regarding the immunomodulatory effects of vitamin D through its VDR on peridondontal disease. Read More>>>>>>>>>>

The principle of considering dental plaque as biofilm had emerged in the last 10-15 years that totally changes the concept of pathogenesis and control of periodontal diseases. A biofilm environment confers certain properties to bacteria that are not seen in the nomadic state, a fact that explains the importance of recognizing dental plaque as a biofilm and not as bacteria in the planktonic state.   Oral Biofilm Some of the unique properties of biofilm are dependent on the ability of the bacteria and micro-colonies within the biofilm to communicate with one another. Bacteria also harbor vast arrays of mechanisms to sense and respond to features of their environment, including the presence of other bacteria. Small diffusible molecules known as autoinducers are synthesized and released in accordance with cell number; their subsequent detection enables bacteria to synchronously regulate behaviors at the population level in a process known as quorum sensing. Read More>>...

One of the concerns among healthcare providers (HCP) is daily contact with microorganisms in blood and saliva of patients. Continuous contact with micro-organisms has considerably increased the incidence of specific infectious diseases among HCP as compared to the normal average of the society.   Bacillus subtilis A study revealed that 14 to 28 percent of general dentists, 13 percent of their assistants and 17 percent of their staff have been exposed to Hepatitis B   and annually more than 200 HCP in the USA die from immediate and or chronic effects of infection by Hepatitis B virus from their work environment. Blood and saliva contain considerable types of viruses, bacteria and other pathogens that may cause diseases such as flu, fever blisters, pneumonia, tuberculosis, hepatitis and AIDS. Read More>>>>>>>>>>

In recent months, gum disease has been linked to increasing number of major health problems. Researchers from the University of Louisville School of Dentistry examined the relationship between Porphyromonas gingivalis, a bacterial species that causes gum disease, and esophageal cancer.    Gum disease The team examined the presence of the bacteria’s cell DNA in esophageal tissue, and measured the level of an enzyme unique to P. gingivalis called lysine-gingipain. The cell DNA and lysine-gingipain enzymes were found to be significantly more prevalent in the cancerous tissue of ESCC patients. The researchers also discovered that the bacteria correlated with other factors, including metastasis and overall survival rate. Esophageal cancer is difficult to diagnose, as by the time patients show symptoms —such as difficulty swallowing—most are in very advanced stages of the disease. Read More>>>>>>>>>>

Ludwig’s angina was firstly described by Wilhelm Fredrick von Ludwig in 1836. Ludwig’s angina is a serious, life threatening if not early recognised and treated due to septicemia and asphyxia caused by expanding edema of soft tissues of the neck.  Ludwig’s Angina Ludwig's angina has been occurred more usually in adults than children. Death from this infection is approximately 10% to 17% in the pediatric population. Conventionally, Ludwig’s angina has been more seen in patients with poor oral hygiene. Most of the cases are due to infected lower molars or pericoronitis, which is result of inflammation of the soft tissues surrounding the crown of a partially erupted tooth, most commonly the second or third molar. Although Ludwig's usually develops in immunocompromised persons, it can also develop in healthy individuals. In children, Ludwig’s angina has an identified odontogenic source only 50% of the case, in contrast with the 70% to 90% incidence of odontogenic origin r...