Journal and Conferences of Dentistry

In today’s developing world applicability of electronic media such as computers, lap tops, mobile phones, television, gaming consoles, tablets and other related gadgets have become very common amongst all the genders and age groups.  In spite of some acquaintance regarding hazardous health effects, the habitude of mobile phones has heightened severely especially from the moment they have become more economical and accessible all over the globe. Availing of mobile phones (MPs) has suddenly increased, with over 3 billion citizens presently handling MPs ubiquitously. Adoption of electronic communicating and entertaining equipments is reported to be more prevalent in students of Saudi Arabia, practically, entire clan use televisions, computers and laptops, audio devices and use of MPs with internet access reported to be boundless amidst all teenage population.  PDF LINK>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

The term “biomedical waste” has been defined as “any waste that is generated during diagnosis, treatment or immunisation of human beings or animals,   or in the research activities pertaining to or in the production or testing of biologicals and includes categories mentioned in schedule I of the Government of India’s Biomedical Waste (Management and Handling) Rules 1998”.  Dental waste is a subset of hazardous biomedical (BM) waste. Dental practices generate large amounts of cotton, plastic, latex, glass, sharps, extracted teeth and other materials, much of which may be contaminated with body fluids. Hazards arising from waste disposal from dental practices can be divided into two main areas. First, there is the environmental burden of a variety of hazardous products and second, the more immediate risks of potentially infectious material that may be encountered by the individuals handling waste.  PDF LINK

Aphthae are common oral lesions that affect approximately 10% to 20% of the population. The etiology of aphthous stomatitis is unknown but according to an increasing evidence, its development has an immunogenic process that causes the ulceration of the involved oral mucosa.  Aphthous ulcers are usually classified into three different types: minor, herpetiform and major. Minor aphthae are generally located on labial or buccal mucosa, the soft palate, the floor of the mouth, the ventral surface and the border of the tongue. They can be singular or multiple and tend to be small (less than 1 cm in diameter) and shallow . Herpetiform aphthae are rare and their clinical aspect is similar to the Herpes virus vesciculae. Major aphthae are similar to minor aphthae but they are larger (may reach over 1 cm in diameter) and cause a deeper ulceration. Read more>>>>>>>>>>>>>

Clinical statistics show that, the defect and absence of tooth is a common disease with a high morbidity of 24-53% in dental treatment. Thus, it is promising to develop dental restoration materials with favorable mechanical strength and excellent bio-safety. In the past decades, metals and alloys have been widely used in dental restorations. However, with the increasing esthetic requirement from patients and the development of CAD/CAM (Computer Aided Design/Computer Aided Manufacturing) technique, various all-ceramic materials have been adopted in dental restoration for their aesthetical potential. Among numerous dental ceramics, zirconia based materials possess most promising prospects due to their fascinating aesthetic performance, favorable biocompatibility, and superior mechanical property.  Read more>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

Occasionally, during orthodontic treatment, orthodontic appliances or parts of orthodontic appliances can compromise the airway or the gastroinstestinal tract andconsequently can create a serious medical problems. The dental literature reports objects that were swallowed by patients, such as dental prostheses,endodontic instruments, fragments of dental restorative materials and othersdental objects, such as toothpick and toothbrush. The aspiration or ingestion of orthodontics appliances is less common have been reported an expansion appliance key, an orthodontic bracket, a lower spring retainer , a fragment of fractured Twin-block appliance and an archwire segment during orthodontic adjustment . The medical complications depends on the size, shape and flexibility of the object, some occurrences present minimal danger while others have the potential to be lethal. Read more>>>>>>>>>>>>>

There is a close ontogenetic relationship between apical for a men and accessory and lateral canals with surrounding periodontal tissue. Clinically, this relationship promotes the spread of infection, potentially resulting in typical manifestations of endo–perio osseous lesions.  Successful treatment of endo-perio lesions depends on, understanding the pathogenesis, clinical and radiographic manifestations of endodontic and periodontic lesions. True-combined lesions are treated initially as primary endodontic lesions with secondary periodontal involvement, where the treatment and prognosis depends on the degree of involvement of tissue. In such types of lesion, root amputation, hemisection or separation can be considered as a treatment alternative if not all roots are severely involved. The main advantage of such treatment is the conversion of furcation involved multirooted tooth to non-furcated single-root teeth and provide favourable environment for oral hygiene.  P...

The Country and its Population At the end of 2009, the population of the Hungarian Republic was approximately 9.9 million, of whom 2.06 million lived in the capital city, Budapest. Almost half of the country’s population resides in communities of fewer than 20,000 inhabitants.  In Hungary, there are 23 cities, 199 towns, and 2,913 villages. Approximately 68% of the population lived in urban and 32% in rural areas. The ratio of males to females was 47% to 53%. Based on the international database of the US Census Bureau, most Hungarian people were between 30 and 35 years old in 2010, but this is expected to increase to between 40 and 45 years old by the end of 2020. The Hungarian population has been decreasing whereas the average age is increasing year by year, which means an increasing need for the health care of the elderly.   PDF LINK>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

Now a day electronic tooth brushes are becoming popular. Much research is going on to study the effect of electronic brushes on oral hygiene. Tooth brush instructions to use electronic toothbrushes stimulate the salivary gland, which eventually increase the un-stimulated saliva flow rate.  In addition, electronic toothbrushes with ultrasound usage for four weeks significantly reduced the plague index. Ultrasound Toothbrush ReClean (ASAHI IRICA CO.,LTD) was used. In this research, each participant used this electronic toothbrush with different modes: the manual mode, the lamp was off, and the toothbrush was used manually with power off; the sonic mode, the lamp was off, and sonic waves of 16,000 strokes/minute were used; the ultrasound mode, the green lamp was turned on, and an ultrasound frequency of 1.6 million Hz was used; the ultrasound and sonic mode, the red lamp was turned on, and sonic waves plus ultrasound were used. Read more>>>>>>>>...

The periodontal disease is a major public health problem, which affects up to 90% of the worldwide population. Gingivitis always precedes periodontal disease. The main characteristic of periodontal disease is destruction of supporting tissue of the tooth.  The main etiological factor is microbial oral biofilm. Periodontal pathogens are: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Treponema denticola etc. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is commonly associated with this disease, especially in young adults. Some new studies demonstrate that Herpes viruses can be involved in pathogenesis of periodontal disease. Periodontal inflammation is followed by release of bacterial leucotoxins, collagenases, fibrinolysins, and other proteases. Increased leukocyte infiltration and changes in vascular permeability have always been present in periodontal tissues inflammation. Read more>>>>>>>>>>>

Dental implants are an important tool in restorative dentistry for edentulous and partially edentulous patients. Having a 90 to 95% initial success rate, implants are considered to be a viable solution for many cases. However, implants can fail and fracture, posing a major problem for both the patient and the clinician 1. Some clinical observations of these failures have suggested that the major causes are: incomplete osseointegration, complications of the peri-implant soft tissue, and biomechanical problems . In the biomechanical problems several implant-abutment interface failures are associated with engineering design and can be assessed in the laboratory setting 3. These interface designs are classified as either external or internal connections. Read more>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

Facial Aesthetics: Concepts and Clinical Diagnosis is an excellent illustrated resource for those who are interested in facial aesthetic surgery and dentistry.  It is a comprehensive clinical textbook on the art and science of facial aesthetics for clinicians involved in the management of facial deformities: orthodontists, oral and maxillofacial surgeons, aesthetic dentists and plastic and reconstructive surgeons. The aim of this book is to provide a comprehensive examination of facial aesthetics in the context of dentofacial and craniofacial diagnosis and treatment planning. The 434 pages over 24 chapters are split into two distinct but related parts. The book provides extremely careful and precise research and practical clinical advice complemented by the generous use of illustrations and diagrams.  PDF LINK>>>>>>>>>>>

The majority of dental traumatic injuries involve the anterior teeth, especially the maxillary incisors nearly up to 80% of all traumatic injuries and this high incidence is due to their anatomical position and protrusion caused by eruptive process.  A dental trauma with the resulting fracture of the anterior teeth is an agonizing experience for a young individual who requires immediate attention, not only because of the physical impairment but also because of the psychological impact on the patient. When the fractured fragment is available, with advances in adhesive dentistry and growing interest towards minimal invasive procedures, reattachment of the tooth fragment is the choice of treatment. Depending on different clinical situations, various techniques and materials were advocated to restore fracture teeth. Tennery was the first person to report the reattachment of a fractured fragment using the concept of adhesive dentistry.   PDF LINK>>>>>>...

The composite resins available on the market today are mostly light-cured resins. So, photoinitiator molecules are included in these materials which have the ability to absorb light, and as result, generate free radicals which initiate the polymerization of these resin materials.  The light curing systems most commonly employed in the composites are the camphorquinone/amine system. The photoinitiator is camphorquinone, which requires a coinitiator to perform the polymerization process. Tertiary amines (aliphatic or aromatic) do not absorb light, but interact with the activated camphorquinone to produce reactive species. However, this photoinitiator system has some disadvantages, such as the tendency to promote yellowing to resin materials low compatibility with oral tissues   and even mutagenic characteristics. PDF LINK

The importance of maintaining good oral health is seen under a new prism. The oral cavity is described as the mirror of the body. In fact, many diseases appear first in the mouth before they manifest systemically and they frequently requires supervision from both medical and dental practioners as a multidisciplinary approach. Mouradian defines oral health as ‘‘encompassing all the immunologic, sensory, neuromuscular and structural functions of the mouth and craniofacial complex.  Oral health influences nutrition and growth, pulmonary health, cardiac health and various societal functioning.” Thus oral health is an essential component of general health. Poor oral health and untreated oral diseases and conditions can have a significant impact on quality of life. It implies being free of chronic oro-facial pain, oral and pharyngeal carcinomas, birth defects such as cleft lip and palate, and other diseases and disorders that affect the oral, dental and craniofacial tissues, coll...

There are more than 23 million people with a dental fear that will require some form of sedation while in the dental office. Unfortunately, fear, anxiety and pain have long been associated with the practice of dentistry despite advances in the administration of local anesthesia and dental treatment procedures.  Surveys have consistently shown that although dentistry as a profession is highly respected by the public, the fear of going to the dentist ranked second only to the fear of public speaking. In the United States, it is estimated that somewhere between 6% and 14% of the population (14 million to 34 million persons) voluntarily avoid seeking dental care because of their fear of dentistry.  PDF LINK>>>>

Inventory management has been already covered in the industry since many years. It is established that stock management is mandatory to avoid conflict in between demand and supply. Buffer stocks minimize the risk to be short on stock whenneeded to treat patients. And we know that productivity can be improved by production on stock.  This is what is called the safety stock.To implement this kind of management, we need to set up a certain number of processes to evaluate the ideal amount of stock: not too much to avoid freezing too much money and enough to answer to the clinic activity.Inventory managements are specific to the medical field, such as David R. Sinclair introduced in his article about the Inventory management and the safety stock disposable airway devices.But until now most of the clinics are not equipped with any efficient program allowing the management of stocks and orders. Read more>>>>>>>>>

One objective of periodontal plastic surgery is the creation of adequate vestibular depth and an increase in the keratinized tissue. The keratinized tissue provides increased resistance to the periodontium, contributes to the stabilization of the gingival margin position, and aids in the dissipation of physiological forces that are exerted by the muscular fibers of the alveolar mucosa.  Improvement of oral hygiene was seen with the increase in keratinized tissue. The free gingival graft (FGG) is known to be one of the most common and predictable methods for augmenting gingival tissue dimensions, and FGG was applied as a preprosthetic procedure in two cases. In the first case, FGG was used to overcome the patient’s discomfort and to achieve a better condition around the abutments and pontic area for the fixed prosthesis. PDF LINK>>>>>

A case control study consisting of 300 primiparous women, aged 18-35 years was conducted to evaluate the association between maternal periodontal disease and infant preterm low birth weight.  The study was systematically scheduled to spread over a period of 5 months from May 2008- September 2008. A multicentre study was planned in general maternity wards of various medical college hospitals in Bangalore city. From 13 medical college hospitals having maternity wards in the city, 3 college hospitals (St. Martha’s Hospital, K.C. General Hospital, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Medical College Hospital) were selected randomly. Each hospital was surveyed for a period of two weeks on a rotation basis till the required sample size of 300 was obtained.  PDF LINK>>>>>>

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is widely understood as an extreme psychological reaction that follows severe traumatic events. The developmental immaturity of youth increases their vulnerability to the devastating sequels of PTSD following traumatic events such as poor health, poor quality of life, and subsequent comorbid emotional/behavioral problems.  The research literature indicates that males are more often exposed to traumatic experiences than females. Globally, a wide range of studies document high rates of PTSD among children and adolescents in violent conflicts and war zones. For example, in Bosnia, the PTSD rate is 41% for children age 6-16 year. A study of children in Rwanda found that 54% to 62% of children had PTSD with a rate of 72% for males. Read more>>>>>>>>>>>>